Peritoneal gutters and pouches are spaces in the abdominal cavity formed or bounded by peritoneum. Gutters In the abdomen, two paracolic and two paramesenteric gutters are the main peritoneal gutters. The left and right paracolic gutters lie on the posterior abdominal wall alongside and lateral to the ascending and descending transverse colons. The paramesenteric gutters (or infracolic spaces) are spaces between the colon and the … Continue reading Peritoneal gutters and pouches

The mesentery is a double fold of parietal peritoneum that connects the visceral peritoneum of the intestines to the parietal peritoneum of the posterior abdominal wall (where it arises as the mesenteric root). Not only does it hold the intestines in place, but many blood and lymph vessels plus nerves run in between the peritoneum layers to supply the abdominal organs. Besides the small intestine, … Continue reading Mesentery

Omenta are formed from layers of visceral peritoneum folded on itself. In the abdomen, there is a lesser and a greater omentum. Lesser omentum The lesser omentum (which can be divided into the hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments) is formed by the anterior and posterior layers of the stomach’s visceral peritoneum folding together at the lesser curvature into a double sheet that extends towards the liver. … Continue reading Omenta

The peritoneum is the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. It includes a parietal and a visceral layer, where the parietal peritoneum which lines the abdominal wall is folded inwards to form the visceral peritoneum that covers the visceral organs. Areas of peritoneal folds form peritoneal reflections that are the basis of several structures in the body, including omenta, mesenteries, gutters and pouches. Continue reading Peritoneal reflections

Cardiac dysrhythmia, a condition where the heart beats irregularly, is treated by antidysrhythmic drugs. These drugs act in different ways to suppress aberrant heat beating and are often categorized by Vaughan William’s classification which has four classes (I to IV). Class I Class I drugs block voltage-gated Na channels. Thus, they target (non-nodal) cardiac cells that utilise these channels to depolarise. In doing so, they … Continue reading Antidysrhythmic drugs